The Health Bliss

Introduction

Hernia is an abnormal protrusion of internal organs through an abnormal opening within the wall of the cavity.A mixture of increased pressure inside the body with weakness within the wall is responsible for this condition.During this condition internal organs or parts of organs are protruded out forming a swelling that can increase the dimensions with coughing and lifting weight,and while passing stool and urine.In lying down position the swelling goes inside except in strangulated and irreducible hernia.

Causes:-

one, Weakness in the body wall:--

a) Congenital weakness.

b) Acquired weakness because of injuries,wasting of muscles,suppurative lesions in the wall and presence of weak natural openings,obesity,lack of exercise,repeated pregnancy.

c) Surgery with improper suturing or sepsis of operated site.


two) Increased pressure inside the body.

a) Chronic constipation.

b) Recurrent cough.

c) Weight lifting.

d) Stricture of urethra.

Common sites for hernia:--

Hernia can occure anywhere in the body.However there are some common sites for hernia.Because of the presence of hard bony covering chest wall is generally not affected.Hernia within the lower back is also rare because of spine and back muscles and powerful ligaments and sheeths.The common website for hernia is abdominal wall.Compared to other parts the abdominal wall is weak thanks to the presence of some natural orifices.There are some areas whereby the abdominal muscles are weaker and skinny and every one these factors make a chance for herniation.The common sites for hernia are following.

a) Inguinal hernia:

Here the abdominal contents protrude through the inguinal canal (passage in the lower abdominal wall just higher than the inguinal ligament.It's seen on either facet).This sort is common in males.Initially the swelling comes solely whereas straining and goes back whereas lying down. Later the large portion of intestine might come back out which might not go back easily.

b) Femoral hernia:

This sort of hernia is additional in females.Here the abdominal contents experience the femoral canal which is seen just below the junction between the thigh and lower abdominal wall(Within the femoral triangle).The contents pass downwards and comes out through saphenous gap in the thigh and forms a swelling under the skin.

c) Umbilical hernia:

This is common in children.The umbilicus is the weaker part of the abdomen.The contents of the abdomen might protrude as a bulb like swelling while crying and defecating.

d) Incisional hernia:

These hernias are seen in operated sites. Because of improper suturing or sepsis the operated website becomes weak resulting in hernia.

e) Epigastric hernia:

Here the hearniation occures in the epigastrium. It is a rare type.

f) Lumbar hernia:

Here the hernia seem in the lumbar space on either aspect of the lumbar spine(within the lumbar triangle).This is often additionally a rare type.

g) Obturator hernia:

This is a rare sort of hernia. Here the contents meet up with obturator foramen within the pelvic bone.


Complications of hernia:--

1) Strangulation:

If the hernial orifice is slender the abdominal contents may not go back simply, and later the blood flow to the herniated tissues could be blocked because of constricition.This can cause death of protruded intestine.

two) Intestinal obstruction:

This occures when the full portion of the intestine is protruded in to the hernial sac. The slender hernial orifice can block the passage of bowels.

three) Infection and peritonitis:

If there is strangulation with death of some of intestine there can be spread of infection to the abdomen ensuing in peritonitis.

Treatment of hernia:--

Initial treatment: Within the initial stages of hernia the subsequent steps may be helpful

1) Use of hernia belt:

Special varieties of hernia belts are accessible for each kind of heania.This can prevent the protrusion and can scale back pain.

a pair of) Constipation,recurrent cough,urinary obstruction ect should be treated.

3) Fat reduction can increase the strength of abdominal wall.

4) Abdominal exercises to extend the muscle tone.

five) Take masses of leafy vegetables, fruits and fibrous diet for easy bowel movements.

6) Strive different systems like Homoeopathy,Herbal medicine and ect

If no relief by the above steps consult a general surgeon for surgical management.

Surgical treatment.

The subsequent operations are done depending up on the type and nature of hernia.

1) Hertniotomy : During this operation the contents of hernial sac is pushed in to the abdomen and neck of the sac is ligated with transfixion ligature and the sac is cut off.

2) Herniorrhaphy: Here along with herniotomy the posterior wall is repaired.

three) Hernioplasty: This operation is done if herniotomy isn't attainable due to wide neck of the sac.Here the repair is completed with the healp of non absorbable materials like tantalum gauze,polypropylene mesh or stainless steel mesh.

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